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refining crude antimony oxide

Antimony and arsenic substance flow analysis in antimony ...

2023年7月1日  The results show that the resource efficiency of antimony is 89.21%, and the recovery rates of antimony in volatilization smelting, reduction smelting, and refining are

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Fire Refining of Rough Antimony from Impurities for

2022年2月1日  Thus, according to thermal studies of the interaction between antimony with impurities and a refining flux, antimony oxide does not interact with sodium phosphorus

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Separation of Lead from Crude Antimony by Pyro-Refining

2016年4月18日  The main purpose of this study was to separate lead from crude antimony through an oxidation pyro-refining process and by using sodium metaphosphate as a

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Antimony Recovery from End-of-Life Products and Industrial

2016年2月8日  This product is called crude, liquated, or needle antimony. The liquation residue (12–30 % Sb) can be treated to further improve the recovery of antimony. The

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Separating lead–antimony alloy by fractional crystallization

2015年7月5日  Antimony was enriched on the top without converting into Sb 2 O 3. Abstract The conventional pyrometallurgical method for separating lead–antimony alloy produced

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A New Pyrometallurgical Process for Producing

2014年6月6日  34 Citations Metrics Abstract Antimonial dust is a by-product of lead smelting and an important material for extracting antimony. A new pyrometallurgical process for producing antimony white from the

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Melting of crude antimony in the low-tonnage production

2019年10月30日  Iron turnings (steel or cast iron) are used in melting as a precipitator. During the precipitation smelting coal or coke are used as reducing agents, which

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Fire Refining of Rough Antimony from Impurities for

2022年2月1日  Tin is oxidized in the system to form refining compounds and slagged in the oxide form. A loss of antimony with the slag phase was determined to be a consequence

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Antimony and Antimony Compounds - Grund - Major

2006年7月15日  Refining and fine purification techniques are used for production of pure antimony metal. There is growing demand for extremely pure antimony. Antimony oxide

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Tin Metallurgy SpringerLink

2023年6月7日  This includes three processes: pre-smelting treatment of tin concentrate, reduction smelting, and crude tin refining. Pre-Smelting Treatment of Tin Concentrate. The processes such as roasting, magnetic separation, leaching, and sintering are used to reduce or remove the impurities such as sulfur, arsenic, antimony, lead, iron, and tungsten.

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Antimony Metallurgy SpringerLink

2023年6月7日  The powdery crude antimony trioxide is reduced by a carbonaceous reductant in a reverberatory furnace at 1,000–1,200 °C to produce crude antimony. Crude antimony can be produced by the precipitation smelting process. The typical pyrometallurgical antimony production process using sulfide ore is shown in Fig. 1.

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Bismuth Metallurgy SpringerLink

2023年5月17日  Bismuth metallurgy is the technology used to extract bismuth from bismuth-containing substances. Bismuth was used in ancient Greece and Rome, but it was not regarded as an element. In 1753, C. Geoffroy and T. Bergman proved that bismuth is an element. The English name of this element, originating from its Latin name, bismuthum,

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A Review on Pyrometallurgical Extraction of Antimony from

2022年8月12日  Crude antimony that is produced from any of the upstream processes, is impure and requires further refining to meet commercial and technical criteria; typically ≥99% purity with ≤0.3% arsenic . In addition to arsenic, the other main impurities in crude antimony are lead, copper, iron, and sulfur . Removal of impurities with chemical ...

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Separating lead–antimony alloy by fractional crystallization

2015年7月5日  In the current widely used pyrometallurgy method, the lead–antimony alloy is converted to crude lead bullion and antimony oxide powder after blowing smelting in the reverberatory furnace. Our work simplified this procedure by using fractional crystallization method to treat lead–antimony alloy. Some clear comparisons are shown in Table 1 ...

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Metals Free Full-Text One-Step Extraction of Antimony in

2016年7月7日  A new process for one-step extraction of antimony in low temperature from stibnite concentrate by reductive sulfur-fixation smelting in sodium molten salt, using iron oxide as sulfur-fixing agent, was presented. The influences of molten salt addition and composition, ferric oxide dosage, smelting temperature and duration on extraction

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Separation of antimony from lead-antimony alloy by molten

2022年10月15日  The content of Sb (atomic percent) in the Pb-Sb alloy was reduced from 1% to less than 0.01% (atomic ratio). The recovery principle lies in the different alloying potentials between Ca-Sb and Ca-Pb. Hence, molten salt electrolysis is a promising separation method to recover pure Pb from spent Sb-containing Pb alloys.

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Development of a process for production high purity Antimony

1991年9月15日  Our process involves chlorination of commercial grade Sb metal, distillation of crude SbCl3 with 6N HCl, conversion to oxide , reduction of antimony oxide to metal with hydrogen and zone refining.

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Fire Refining of Rough Antimony from Impurities for

2022年2月1日  As a result of research, a method for fire refining of rough antimony was developed to obtain a high-grade metal with a content of not less than 99.65% Sb and not more than 2000 ppm Pb versus (1.4 ...

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A New Pyrometallurgical Process for Producing Antimony

2014年9月1日  The main purpose of this study was to separate lead from crude antimony through an oxidation pyro-refining process and by using sodium metaphosphate as a lead elimination reagent.

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Separation of Lead from Crude Antimony by Pyro-Refining

2016年4月18日  The main purpose of this study was to separate lead from crude antimony through an oxidation pyro-refining process and by using sodium metaphosphate as a lead elimination reagent. The process parameters that will affect the refining results were optimized experimentally under controlled conditions, such as the sodium

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Removing antimony from waste lead storage batteries alloy

2018年4月5日  Generally, removal of antimony from high-antimony lead bullion was treated in reference to the refining process of crude lead with lower antimony content. At present, lead produced by the pyrometallurgical refining process accounts for about 70% of the refined lead in the world and only some of countries, such as Canada, Peru, Japan and

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Research of the evaporation law of elemental antimony

2022年6月1日  Zhang Xiaoxin et al. [19] treated commercial pure antimony (99.8%) by vacuum distillation-zone refining and achieved good results. Li Liang et al. [21] used vacuum distillation technology to treat lead anode slime with high antimony content, and crude antimony with a purity of 95.2% could be obtained after two distillations.

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Antimony and Antimony Compounds - Grund - Major

2006年7月15日  Refining and fine purification techniques are used for production of pure antimony metal. There is growing demand for extremely pure antimony. Antimony oxide is being used as flame retardant in increasing quantities. Antimony is a component of many lead and tin alloys, which are important materials for making bearings and solders.

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Refining SpringerLink

2021年6月23日  Refining of crude nickel by the Mond carbonyl process is based on this principle. During extraction of nickel, a sulfide ore [pentlandite (NiFe) 9 S 8 ] containing about 1–3% Ni and some Co, Cu, and Fe is processed to obtain Ni 3 S 2 , which is dead roasted to nickel oxide.

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Alternative Fluxes for Lead Bullion Refining SpringerLink

2023年2月14日  The overall decreases in tin content in the crude lead during the softening processes were 71.8, 66.7, 68.0, and 68.2% for NaOH, Mg(OH) 2, CaCO 3, and Ca(OH) 2, respectively. Figure 3 shows antimony concentration over time using NaOH, Mg(OH) 2, Ca(OH) 2, and CaCO 3 as reagents; and sodium nitrate as the oxidizing agent. The

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Antimony and Antimony Compounds - Grund - Wiley Online

2006年7月15日  Refining and fine purification techniques are used for production of pure antimony metal. There is growing demand for extremely pure antimony. Antimony oxide is being used as flame retardant in increasing quantities. Antimony is a component of many lead and tin alloys, which are important materials for making bearings and solders.

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Separation and recovery of tin and copper from tin refining

2022年12月10日  Sulfur slag is a high-value hazardous waste produced during the refining process of crude tin. To reduce the emission of wastewater, harmful gas, and hazardous residue, a theoretical and experimental investigation was carried out to develop a new process for converting metal to metal sulfide that utilizes physical differences (saturated

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Resilience in the antimony supply chain - ScienceDirect

2022年11月1日  The antimony diversity of supply of both mining and refining is low. • Almost 70% of Sb is mined as by- or co-product. • Companion metals can both have higher and lower resilience. • An additional 25% of Sb production comes from post-consumer recycling. • Stockpiling has played a role in dampening and exacerbating supply disruptions.

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